Band decoder MK2

This revision is from 2019/07/23 20:45. You can Restore it.

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Quick start guide

The hardware

KIT is delivered with

PCB with soldered all SMT parts
preinstaled bootloader and simply 'snake' firmware lighting with all nine LED
separate THT parts which you install in six steps
I2C LCD display with 3D printed plastic holder
Aluminium box

1 - status LCD display
2 - 25 pin D-SUB inputs outputs
3 - Ethernet (optional) not implemented yet
4 - micro USB for upload firmware

Circuits

Based on universal NANO module

Changelog

rev 1.2

Relay Vin driver disconect from 12V and connect to pin23 D-SUB15

KIT assembly instructions

All components

Soldering in six steps

1 - bottom pad J1 USB connector
2 - U5 DIL socket
3 - RL1 Relay
4 - P1 P2 P10 P11 JP1 Pin header
5 - S1 Reset button
6 - J2 D-SUB connector

❏ Short JP5 JP7 SMD jumper padds on bottom side

Display

❏ Deploy from the left side Left LCD holder on PCB board

❏ Put LCD

❏ Deploy Right LCD holder on display and deploy to PCB from front side

❏ Display cabe - on both side using only outside pins

❏ Connect display and PCB board - Red arrow shows polarity

❏ Insert PCB with display to aluminium box and tighten with two screws

❏ I2C display need preset address in firmware

#define LcdI2Caddress  0x3F

The most common are values 0x27 or 0x3F.

If display dont work

Upload I2C scanner firmware
Open terminal Ctrl+Shift+M
Write detect addres to band decoder firmware

Select I2C LCD chip

If type of chip is PCF8574AT

Install library LiquidCrystal_I2C
Disable line
```
// #define LCD_PCF8574T
```

If type of chip is PCF8574T

Install library LiquidCrystal_PCF8574
Enable line
```
#define LCD_PCF8574T
```

❏ Preset LCD contrast with potentiometer on rear side LCD module

Power

❏ Connect power, typicaly 13,8V from transceiver

Configure output driver

We available two types of output drive

Open collector

Using for components with grounding outputs

Put in ULN2803A chip to U5 dil socket
Set two jumpers in P2 to LEFT side

If relay voltage is higher than band decoder power supply (Vin), do not mount the upper jumper.

Open emiter

Using for components controlled with positive voltage

Put in MIC2981 chip to U5 dil socket
Set two jumpers in P2 to RIGHT side
Connect power for output control to pin1 in J2 D-SUB connector| - this voltage use also for powered of band decoder and may be in range 8-24V

Configure outputs in firmware

Allways enabled.

An entrance band data, or frequency, converts to output band 0-14 which can be configured in the following table - Preset Band to output matrix - in default settings Band-1 corresponds to Output-1, etc. You can sets any combination outputs for each band separately. With change zeros and ones in the Matrix table. Band-0 reserved for out of range inputs measure.

 //=====[ Sets band -->  to output in MATRIX table

const boolean matrix[17][16] = { /*

Band 0 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, \       Band 1 --> */ { 1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, \      Band 2 --> */ { 0,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, \     Band 3 --> */ { 0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, \    Band 4 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0, \   Band 5 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0, \  Band 6 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0, IN    ) Band 7 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  0, /  Band 8 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,

/   Band 9 --> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /    Band 10 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /     Band 11 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /      Band 12 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /       Band 13 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, Band 14 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, Band 15 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, Band 16 -> */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V ---------------------------------- |  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8 ----------------------------------

Outputs only eight, for next need aditional ]=========================================================== 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, /* first eight shift register board 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* second eight shift register board 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* (optional) 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 }, /* 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, /* | | | | | | | | V V V V V V V V --------------------------------- 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | --------------------------------- OUTPUTS */ board.

Pinouts 25 pin D-SUB

pin-1	in	Input power 8-18V DC from Transceiver
pin-2	in	ICOM CI-V
pin-3	out	TXD TTL
pin-4	out	TXD TTL inverted
pin-5	out	TXD 232 level
pin-6	out	PTT output
pin-7	out	Relay 2
pin-8	out	Relay 4
pin-9	out	Relay 6
pin-10	out	Relay 8
pin-11	in/out	BCD4
pin-12	in/out	BCD2
pin-13	in	AZ
pin-14	-	GND
pin-15	in	RXD TTL
pin-16	in	RXD TTL inverted
pin-17	in	RXD 232 level
pin-18	in	PTT in
pin-19	out	Relay 1
pin-20	out	Relay 3
pin-21	out	Relay 5
pin-22	out	Relay 7
pin-23	out	+5V
pin-24	in/out	BCD3
pin-25	in/out	BCD1
shield	-	GND

Firmware

Download and install Arduino IDE
Install library

Wire
LiquidCrystal_I2C or LiquidCrystal_PCF8574

Download Band Decoder 2 firmware source from GitHub
Preset two jumper in P10/P11 pin geader
Connect micro USB cable between band decoder and PC
Configure... (more in the chapter Configure TRX inputs)
Select menu Tools/Board:Arduino Nano
Select menu Tools/Processor: ATmega328P (Old Bootloader)
Select menu Tools/Port/YOUR-CONNECTED-PORT
Upload firmware

Multiple output

Standart operation is each band has one output.

If enable line

#define MULTI_OUTPUT_BY_BCD

in firmware source, each band can have up to four outputs, selectable by BCD inpit pins. These conditions need to be set

YAESU_BCD input must be disable
BCD output will be disble
select (grounded) one of BCD input for select

Otput set in matrix table

Each bcd input represent by bit in this table

0x01 = B00000001 = bit 1
0x02 = B00000010 = bit 2
0x04 = B00000100 = bit 3
0x08 = B00001000 = bit 4

For example record

Band 1 -->  {      0x01,       0x02,       0x04,  0,       0x08,  0,  0,  0,    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },

is the same as record

Band 1 -->  { B00000001,  B00000010,  B00000100,  0,  B00001000,  0,  0,  0,    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },

0x0F = this output enable for any BCD input (enable all bit)

LCD antenna name set in array for each bcd input separately

const char* ANTname[17][4] = {
      {"Out of band", "Out of band", "Out of band", "Out of band"},  // Band 0 (no data)
      {"Dipole", "BCD-2", "BCD-3", "BCD-4"},       // Band 1
      {"Vertical", "BCD-2", "BCD-3", "BCD-4"},     // Band 2
      {"3el Yagi", "BCD-2", "BCD-3", "BCD-4"},     // Band 3
      ...

CONFIGURE INPUTS

Individual functionality is enable or disable with coment/uncoment preset line

First sets global frequency rules which they choose BAND number by frequency with a resolution of one Hz. Also may be use for partition one band to more subbands.

//Freq Hz from       to   Band number
     {1810000,   2000000},  // #1 [160m]
     {3500000,   3800000},  // #2  [80m]
     {7000000,   7200000},  // #3  [40m]
    {10100000,  10150000},  // #4  [30m]
    {14000000,  14350000},  // #5  [20m]
    {18068000,  18168000},  // #6  [17m]
    {21000000,  21450000},  // #7  [15m]
    {24890000,  24990000},  // #8  [12m]
    {28000000,  29700000},  // #9  [10m]
    {50000000,  52000000},  // #10  [6m]
   {144000000, 146000000},  // #11  [2m]
   {430000000, 440000000},  // #12  [70cm]
   {1240000000, 1300000000},  // #13  [23cm]
   {2300000000, 2450000000},  // #14  [13cm]
   {3300000000, 3500000000},  // #15  [9cm]
   {5650000000, 5850000000},  // #16  [6cm]

Second uncomment and activate only one input in source code

//=====[ Inputs ]=============================================================================================

// #define ICOM_CIV           // read frequency from CIV
// #define KENWOOD_PC         // RS232 CAT
//#define YAESU_BCD          // TTL BCD in A
// #define ICOM_ACC           // voltage 0-8V on pin4 ACC(2) connector - need calibrate table
// #define INPUT_SERIAL       // telnet ascii input - cvs format [band],[freq]\n
// #define YAESU_CAT          // RS232 CAT YAESU CAT since 2015 ascii format
// #define YAESU_CAT_OLD      // Old binary format RS232 CAT ** tested on FT-817 **

And connect to TRX as described below

Available Inputs

Icom CI-V

Activate uncomment line
```
#define ICOM_CIV
```

And settings with

#define SERBAUD        9600  // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate
#define WATCHDOG       10    // [sec] determines the time, after which the all relay OFF, if missed next input data - uncomment for the enabled
#define REQUEST        500     // [ms] use TXD output for sending frequency request
#define CIV_ADRESS   0x56  // CIV input HEX Icom adress (0x is prefix)

short JP1
short P10 left/down
short P11 left/down
Connect trough two wire line

Kenwood/Elecraft RS232

Activate uncomment line
```
#define KENWOOD_PC
```

And settings with

#define SERBAUD        9600  // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate
#define WATCHDOG       10    // [sec] determines the time, after which the all relay OFF, if missed next input data - uncomment for the enabled
#define REQUEST        500     // [ms] use TXD output for sending frequency request

Sniffing mode

short P11 right/top
Connect trough two wire line

Request mode

short P10 right/top
short P11 right/top
Connect trough three wire line

Kenwood (old) TS-x50 inverted TTL

short P10 right/bottom
short P11 right/bottom
Connect trough three wire line

FLEX-6000 RS-232

Need USB/232 interface - see in manual guide

Activate uncomment line
```
#define FLEX_6000
```

and connecting same as Kenwood

YAESU/General BCD

Activate uncomment line
```
#define YAESU_BCD
```
Connect trough five wire line

Icom ACC voltage

Hardware dependency

Open JP6 SMT pad on bottom side of PCB
Short JP7 SMT pad on bottom side of PCB
Short JP9 SMT pad on bottom side of PCB - must be, else risk damage the procesor.

How to calibrate

After make hardware dependency
Connect trough two wire line voltage from TRX to pin13 on DB25 connector according to picture

Activate uncomment line
```
#define ICOM_ACC
```

need disable watchdog

 // #define WATCHDOG       10    // [sec] determines the time, after which the all relay OFF, if missed next input data - uncomment for the enabled

Upload firmware

Read voltage from LCD by band, and preset rules in table

        //=====[ Icom ACC voltage range ]===========================================================

        if (AccVoltage > 0.73 && AccVoltage < 1.00 ) {BAND=10;}  //   6m   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
        if (AccVoltage > 1.00 && AccVoltage < 1.09 ) {BAND=9;}   //  10m   *           Need              *
        if (AccVoltage > 1.09 && AccVoltage < 1.32 ) {BAND=8;}   //  12m   *    calibrated to your       *
        if (AccVoltage > 1.32 && AccVoltage < 1.55 ) {BAND=7;}   //  15m   *         own ICOM            *
        if (AccVoltage > 1.55 && AccVoltage < 1.77 ) {BAND=6;}   //  17m   *     ----------------        *
        if (AccVoltage > 1.77 && AccVoltage < 2.24 ) {BAND=5;}   //  20m   *    (These values have       *
        if (AccVoltage > 0.10 && AccVoltage < 0.50 ) {BAND=4;}   //  30m   *   been measured by any)     *
        if (AccVoltage > 2.24 && AccVoltage < 2.73 ) {BAND=3;}   //  40m   *          ic-746             *
        if (AccVoltage > 2.73 && AccVoltage < 2.99 ) {BAND=2;}   //  80m   *                             *
        if (AccVoltage > 2.99 && AccVoltage < 4.00 ) {BAND=1;}   // 160m   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
        if (AccVoltage > 0.00 && AccVoltage < 0.10 ) {BAND=0;}   // parking

        //==========================================================================================

Upload firmware again
Precise calibrate value reach with measure voltage on Aref input (C17) and insert to code
```
float ArefVoltage = 4.228;            // Measure on Aref pin 20 for calibrate
```

YAESU CAT

Activate uncomment line
```
#define YAESU_CAT
```

And settings with

#define SERBAUD        9600  // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate
#define WATCHDOG       10    // [sec] determines the time, after which the all relay OFF, if missed next input data - uncomment for the enabled
#define REQUEST        500     // [ms] use TXD output for sending frequency request

Sniffing mode

short P11 right/top
Connect trough two wire line

Request mode

short P10 right/top
short P11 right/top
Connect trough three wire line

Input Serial

Activate uncomment line

#define INPUT_SERIAL

Disable watchdog

 // #define WATCHDOG       10    // [sec] determines the time, after which the all relay OFF, if missed next input data - uncomment for the enabled

Not need any hardware settings, only send via USB to serial line ascii characters in preconfigured baudrate.

X,YYYYYYY\n

X - band output in range 0-14, if activate BCD output range is 0-10 because 11-14 reserved for BCD. 0 (zero) = no output will be turned on.
YYYYYYY - frequency in Hz - has no effect on the output relays, used if any CIV/CAT outputs activated.
\n - is LF Line Feed (0A in hex)

CONFIGURE OUTPUTS

You can uncomment more than one output, but not all combinations are worked.

Always usable - may all at once.

8 output driver - allways enabled
Yaesu BCD - allways enabled except activate Yaesu BCD input
Serial echo

Only one from (not available during active Frequency request option (available only one TXD line)

//=====[ Outputs ]============================================================================================
// #define SERIAL_echo        // Feedback on serial line in same baudrate, CVS format <[band],[freq]>\n
// #define ICOM_CIV_OUT       // send frequency to CIV ** you must set TRX CIV_ADRESS, and disable ICOM_CIV **
// #define KENWOOD_PC_OUT     // send frequency to RS232 CAT ** for operation must disable REQUEST **
// #define YAESU_CAT_OUT      // send frequency to RS232 CAT ** for operation must disable REQUEST **

8 output driver

Allways enabled.

How to expand outputs

Band decoder use internal shift register with 8 outputs. This is free expandable. You can connect next shift register to P5 output connector. Schematics module for serial chain linkink on picture.

And sets number of all shift register in firmware

internal = 1
internal + one external =2

int NumberOfBoards = 2;    // number of eight byte shift register 0-x

SERIAL ECHO

Activate uncomment line

#define SERIAL_echo

Requires setting

#define SERBAUD  9600

Next > Upload Firmware →

YAESU BCD output

Always activate - except enable BCD input.

You can set rules to select BCD output, dependency to detected band input.

//=====[ BCD OUT ]===========================================================================================

        const boolean BCDmatrixOUT[4][16] = { /*
        --------------------------------------------------------------------
        Band # to output relay   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
        (Yaesu BCD)                 160 80  40  30  20  17  15  12  10  6m
        --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
                                 V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V
                            */ { 0,  1,  0,  1,  0,  1,  0,  1,  0,  1,  0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 }, /* --> DB25 Pin 11
                            */ { 0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 }, /* --> DB25 Pin 24
                            */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 }, /* --> DB25 Pin 12
                            */ { 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 }, /* --> DB25 Pin 25
        */};

//============================================================================================================

ICOM CIV output

Activate uncomment line

#define ICOM_CIV_OUT

Requires baud rate and CIV address in setting section of source code

#define SERBAUD      9600    // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate
#define CIV_ADR_OUT  0x56    // HEX Icom adress (0x is prefix)

short JP1 left (TXD)

KENWOOD CAT output

Activate uncomment line

#define KENWOOD_PC_OUT

Requires baud rate in setting section of source code

#define SERBAUD      9600    // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate

short JP1 right (TXD)
short JP7

YAESU CAT output

Activate uncomment line

#define YAESU_CAT_OUT

Requires baud rate in setting section of source code

#define SERBAUD      9600    // [baud] Serial port in/out baudrate

short JP1 right (TXD)
short JP7

Debug mode

Allows read comunications and show in terminal

Enable debug in firmware
```
#define DEBUG
```

Enable inputs by connected radio

//=====[ Inputs ]=============================================================================================
// #define YAESU_BCD          // TTL BCD in A
// #define ICOM_ACC           // voltage 0-8V on pin4 ACC(2) connector - need calibrate table
// #define INPUT_SERIAL       // telnet ascii input - cvs format [band],[freq]\n
// #define ICOM_CIV           // read frequency from CIV
// #define KENWOOD_PC         // RS232 CAT
// #define YAESU_CAT          // RS232 CAT YAESU CAT since 2015 ascii format
// #define YAESU_CAT_OLD      // Old binary format RS232 CAT ** tested on FT-817 **

Upload firmware
Preset RXD P11 dependency to connected transceiver

232 for RS232 communications
TTL for 5V level data

Preset P10 to USB
Open arduino terminal, and set same baudrate by firmware preset
```
#define SERBAUD 9600
```
Sniffing communications (on picture Kenwood CAT)...

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